Method of lasting boots and shoes.



1. ALELDRIDGE METHOD or LASTING Boos AND sHoEs.

l APPLICATION FILED NOV. 2| 19H.

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Patented July. 13, i915.

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JOHN A. EBDRIDGE, DF AGTQN, MAINE, .ASSIGNOR T0 UNITED SHOE MACHNEEYCOMPANY, 0F PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, A. CORIPORATIG 0F NEW J' METHD FLASTJTG BDOTS ANH) SHOES.

Specieeton et Letters yatent.

Patented July 13, i915.

Application led November 2, 1912. Seralo. 658,154.

T 0 all ttf/mm 'it may concern:

Be it known that l, donn' A. Eisernen, a citizen of the United States,residing at Acton, in the county of York and State of Maine, haveinvented certain Im arovements in Methods of Lasting Boots an Shoes, ofwhich the following description, in connec* tion with the accompanyingdrawings, isa. specification, like reference characters on the drawingsindicating like parts in. the several figures.

|This invention relates to methods of making shoes, and will beexplained in connection with the manufactiiure that" type of shoe inwhich the inner edgel of the weltv is attached tothe upper withput alsobeing attached to the innersole, asir'listinguished from the shoe madeby the wellikuown welt system in which the inner edge of the welt isattached to the upper and to the innersole. The invention is in manyimportant respects, however, applicable also to the manufacture of weltshoes, the outer edge of the welt being, in each case, attached to theoutsole. lt has been customary, inthe manufacture of these shoesaccording to the prior art, to take the prepared upper and, withoutplacing it upon a last, to attach a welt directly to its edge about thewhole of its marginal portion, or about all except the heel portion, andthen to placethe upper upon. alast and draw the upper in over the last,either by wipers which engage the upper iii the welt crease shown inUnited States Letters Patent to Ballon, No. 150,123,

or by a cord or other ligature .located in the Letters Patent toLittleton, No. 925,208,

.lune 15, 1909.

lt will be observed that inthis process the upper is not stretched inproportion to theamount of stretch or extensibility there is, in theparticular' upper comprised in a given shoe or in different portions ofthe material of the same shoe, neither is it stretched in accordancewith the requirements to. make it conform fully to the contour of theparticular last over which it is being made. As distinguished from thisthe upper is simply stretched at all points alike and simply enough toposition the welt where the sole This may have been satisfactory fortyyea ago when lasts were more nearly regular in form than now and theusual upper leather was thick and much less extensible than that used atthe present time. This method is not, however, adapted withoutsubstantial modifications to modern conditions in which a large amountof stretch, varying with each individual shoe and to some extent indifferent portions of the upper material of a single shoe, must be takenout of the upper and the upper must be drawn to tit the very irregularcontour of present day lasts by drafting and detail tensioning of theupper. These lconditions make it impossible to predeterminethe properlocation for the welt attaching seam 'edge of the last bottom asdistinguished from establishing it with relation to the edge of theupper. The standards of [it and permanence of shape established in theWelt shoe demand this.

The above and other defects of the methoddisclosed in the prior art havebeen overcome by my improved method, a chief characteristic of whichconsists in forming the upper to the last and removing the stretchtherefrom before the welt is attached.

The new method contemplates assembling the upper on the last and firstdrafting it lengthwise ofthe shoe, drawing it'over the toe end of thelast, and clamping it upon the last transversely7 and dra wingit overlthe sides of the last, and slightly backwardly, progressively from thetoe toward the heel and preferably substantially simultaneously at thetwo sides of the shoe. This progressive manipulation from the toerearwardly accomplishes what is termed back drafting. The initialdrafting of the upper forwardly in line with the toe that draws theupper down the instep of lthe last and this, followed by .the backdrafting along the sides, gives the upper the most desirable fit overthe instep and down under the shank portion of the foot. I prefer tohold the upper in a substantially con-l tinuous line along the sides ofthe shoe and around the toeJ withpa downwardly and in wardly directedforce, as for example, by suitably shaped sectional clamps or Wipersthat bear on a narrow line only. My

method thus involves not only an initial inwiping of the Whole sideportions of the upper as just described,` but the pressing or clampingof it down upon the last from the toe along both sides to the heel seat,and the retention of the upper. frictionally in place during subsequentlasting an/- welt vattachingoperations-` IThese further lastingoperatns-may.-.involve seizing and pulling the upperaat one point afteranother along the edge of the shoe to draft it to conform the upperiii/"detail, to the last contour at all points and take out the stretchevenly vfrom the conformed upper. upper is preferably drawn in beneaththe clamping plates which will act to hold it in -place by their inwardand downward pressure. The upper is thus held in lasted posi- 2o tionvwithout the use of tacks or other Vupper- -penetrating securing meansand without the use of cement. o

A further important step -in my method includes attaching the welt-tothe upper at 25,a measured distance from/the edge .o f the shoe. This isd one after the upper has been ,Y fully conformed to the last and Whilethe upper i's'still clamped in pulled over and lasted position-in themanner described. I preferably use asa guide `for this purpose theclamps or wipers which are of uniform width and are advanced over theedge of the last a measured distance and extend vabove the entireportionof the periphery of the last bottom along which the Welt is to beattached to the upper. Preferably, but not necessarily, I stretch theupper of the forepart of the shoe again and to a further degree after'ithas been lasted andthe welt attached. This furtheror inal stretchingas"- distinguished v-fr'om the preliminary stretching practicedbeforerthe welt is atf tached, may be effected either before or after fthe outsole of the shoe has been sewed to the Awelt. It is important ineither case` that it Lbe donewhile the edge portion of the upper is4heldzivby the.. clamps or other .mechanical `prevent.overstraining theseams. I er'ghoweyerffft "dq-it before the@ outsole attached and infdoing to accomplish van additional result by pulling the upper againstthe thin, shaped edges of the clamps, which at this time. shallv occupythe welt 'crease or thin `angular space between the welt and upper,and'thereby impart a predetermined and regular shape to the welt creaseof the shoe to add toits attractive appearance. Preferably the directionof this.

final stretching of the upper is, at the instep of the shoe,substantially perpendicular to the top face of the instep portion of thelast. For this purpose I press the. upper from within the shoeoutwardly. over the instep v and both upwardly and forwardly. This .65,extension of the shoe upper `from the shank In so doing the.

`toward the instep' makes the shoe fit better"- to applying stretchingforce at the edge of.

the vamp, as usual, the stretch can be more thoroughly talenout of theupper. I find that this step in hay method of makingvshoes prevents theshoe from becoming baggy i n the shank during wear as so many shoes dobecome because of the factthat the quarters stretch over the instep. Iprefer to produce this finalV stretching in increasing degree from thetop of the ball backwardly up the instep. This is obtained in aconvenient manner by pivoting at its forward end an appropriately shapedinstep block or similarV 'part of the lastand tipping said block l uponits-pivot. Of course in practising this step of this invention accountwill be taken in selection of the size and shape of the last of thisfinal stretching of the upper with the object in view to produce a shoewhich by this final stretching will be made of the required size andproportions. It will be noted that the expansion of the upper isgreatest over the instep where the length of the stock to be stretchedis greatest and gradually diminishes toward the toe', where the amountof stretch to b e removed is least. Hence, a substantially uniform inaltensioning effect is obtained in the parts ofthe upper where a good fitis most importanti and where the re- -moval of the stretchof the leatheris most necessary." After the attachment of the .-\velt, the inseam isfilled with cork or other filling placed in the cavity inclosed` by thc-welt seam, cement is applied to the Welt and the outsoleis applied andpressed in place. After the cement has been allowed to set, the outsoleis attached to the welt bythe cuspart of the shoe and may-be made ofvery thm stock. If the shoe is to be provided tomary process of outsolestitching, afs inthe with a wooden heel, however, the screw by which theheel is attached may be passed through the innersole, or, if the heel isnailed on, the' attaching 4nails may bc clenched through it to hold itinplace. ln either case the innersole may be provided lwith a metallicheel plate preferably at- 'tached'to the innersole by tangs formed alongthe edge of the plate which is parallel with the heel breast andclenched through the innersole to hold the plate thereupon.

' The positioning of the innersole upon the is feature of my method andinvolves irif'fv the'heel portion of the innersole di .il cement 'in itsown plane witha the disgilacement thereoi:l in a from the last. rlhis isac- .-1 y y the prr'ivision of a pin. or stud located preferahly in thecenter of the l seat and the provision of a correspondloci` ed hole inthe heel portion of the piaci g the hole in the innerr i i innersole islocated in oper position longitudinally of the and the forward portionof the innerwill naturally assume its proper posilaterally of the lastwhen the upperl is in from the vopposite sides. It is lil; .wise afeature oi my invention to dene the position of the outsole longilly of'the shoe in a manner similar to r. ny which the innersole is located.To accomplish this, the outsole may be provided with a hole placedsimilarlyto that in the innersole and adapted to engage the same pinprojecting upwardfrom the last. l prelfer to have this pin project upthrough the last post and last and to provide means for retracting itwhen desired. The mechanism for perrormiug this function is, however,disclosed in my patent hereinafter referred to. The positioning lpin mayform part of the last itself, being `formed as a its stud set into thewood of the. 'heel of the last, or as a projection formed upon themetallic heel plate of the last when. a heel 3f-' plate is used. Thelongitudinal position of the outsole relatively to the last isdetermined hy' placing the hole in the heel portion thereof over the pinof the last and the r yeral position, of its forward portion relaiv lyto last is easily and quickly determined, with sulicient accuracy, bythe sense touch of the operators lingers when placedunder theprojecting'margin of the Joutsole against the sides of the shoe.-

fi further iieature of my improved method relates to heating the toe capportion of the shoe during the operation of lasting. lt is usual,inorder to produce a box l toe lwhich will permanently retain theshape,cf

5l-l the toe portion of the last, to make the 'toe portion 'of 'theupper of several thicknes es of leather and canvas with an adhesivebetween the layers. 'lille adhesive is usually applied linst before theupper is assembied upon vthe last and dees not set -until after thecou'ipletion of the lasting operation. lt is desirable, however, to have,the adhesive set as soon as possible afterlasting thereof. yThe heatingdevice comprises a suitable resistance preferably inserted into the bodyof the toe rest and provided with suitable means for attaching theretothe terminals' of an electric circuit for supplying electrical energy tothe coil.

The invention will be more fully eX- plained in the followingdescription, reference Ibeing had to the accompanying drawings in whichvarious steps ot' my improved method are illustrated together withconvenient apparatus by the` use of which the invention may bepractised. The apparatus', however, is not herein claimed but is madethe subject-matter of United States Letters Patent No. 1,110,315,granted to me September 15, 19142 l In the drawings, Figure 1 is aperspective View, partly insect-ion, showing a last of a type adaptedfor use in the practice of my improved method, having an innersoleassembled thereon and positioned at the heel portion in accordance withmy method. The sectioned portions show the heel pin and sole locatingpin of the lasting apparatus; Fig..2 is a prespective View showing aninnrsole and an upper assembled upon the last, the upper being tensionedlongitudinally; Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the lupper beingheld in the tensioned position, assumed in Fig. 2, by meansfof a wiperbrought 'in over the edge of the'last at the extreme toe and the upperabout to be wiped iin along the sides by the side wipers; Figa is aperspective"I view showing the position assumed-by the upper after theinwiping and `loackdratting loperation which is effected bythe sidewipers, and also the de\tail lasting of thc upper locally by'handpincers; Fig. 5 'is a perspective view showing the shoe in process ofhaving vthe welt secured to the margin of upper which extends beyond thewiper; Fig. 6 is a perspective view partly in section of the shoe withthe welt attached and ready for the heel seat to be lasted. The last isshown expanded for applying final tension to the lasted' upper; Fig. 7is a perspective View, partly in section, showing the shoe completed, aportion of the channel Vlip being yraised to show 'the stitchesattachingthe outsole and welt and the sectioned portion exhibiting the heel plateon the innersole and the manner of attaching the heel.

In the practice of my improved method an inner-sole and an upper areplaced upon an ordinary last or, preferably, upon one of the kindillustrated in Fig. 1, and' the .last positioned upon the heel pin 2 ofthe lasting apparatus which may have, as shown in Fig.

l, a sole locating pin i mounted. in it and .v ln'ojeffng through a holein the last. The

pin l when extended is adapted to pass through a suitably located holeinthe heel portion, 'of the innersole or sole to positively locate thesame and prevent displacement thereof in the plane `of the last bottom.Whenldesired the locating pin 4 maybe retracted by means not hreinshownbut fully disclosed in thepatent above referred to. After the innersoleand upper Vare assembled upon the last; an( the innersole located asdescribed, the usual assembling tacksmay be driven, if desired, into therear face ot the heel portion or into the heel Seat -to hold the 'upperin proper peripheral relatie Ato the last.' The upper may next bedratedlongitudinally as illustrated in Fig..2 by means of hand pincers (S orotherwise. This longitudinal drafting Vremoves the folds of the upper'`and gives an oppor- Atunity for locating the toe portion oi' the upperrelatively to the longitudinal axis of the last. While the upper stillheld under Vta-ched is moved toward the last and made to Wipe in overthelast edge and to hold the 4upper under longitudinal-tension, the toeImeanwhile'being supported upon the toe post 16s. `The shoe is nowin thecondition illus- K, trated in Fig.v 3 ready for the wiper plates to'becactuatecb preferably simultaneously, to

f so

progressively wipe in the upperfrom the toe portion toward the shank andto press the same into lasted position upon the iiiners'ole upon thelast bottom. The lasting plates are not only of resilient materialthemselves. but are resiliently depressed at the shank portionsbysprings 22 and therefore apply a `substantially uniform Aresilientpressure throughout their length to hold the upper frictionally inlasted engagement with lthe. inner-sole and last. The wiper platesrearward ycomponent oi movement. so .that

the upper during the inwipingthereof will 'be subjected toa backdrawingaction of the plates. The excessive wrinkling and .fullp ness usuallypresent about the toe portion is thuspre\'ented by the action of theplates in working `the fullness rearwardly toward the shank portionwhere it may be taken up by the' subsequent wiping in of the ends of thewiper plates over this portion of the shoe.' The direction of the wipingmove-v ment at the toe portion is oblique to the direction of the lastedge and becomes more and more nearly perpendicular as the shankportionpis approached. The lmckdrawing effect is therefore greatest atthe toe portion where there is most fullness and gradually diminishestoward the shank portion where only a perpendicular movement of theWiper is'cdesired. lThe attaching of the welt, as

` shown in Fig. 5, is the next step in the practice of my improvedmethod, and the welt may be secured to the inwardly projecting marginalportion ot the upper either by` hand or by a machine, the inner face ofthe wiping plates being preferably employed as a gage or guide fordetermining the location of the seam, as indicated. During theattachment of the welt is a convenient time for -the application of heatto the toe pad to tension longitudinally,` the'post 10 carrying aplate'12 to which the wipers 14 are at-' assembling tack in the usualmanner.

the upper.

extended or expanded position.

set the adhesive between the layers forming the box toe but it may, itdesired, be applied during the entire. lasting operation or any partthereof. The inseam may now he trimmed oil", the lieel seat lasted,afilling-inserted in the space inclosed by the Welt seam, an outsoleapplied and attached to the welt and the shoe completed in the usualmanner.

yMy improved method as above described may, with advantage, be practisedin lasting shoes upon lasts of usual construction, the innersole, inthat case being located bv the prefer; however, to employ a last whichis capable of being expanded to apply tension to Such a last isindicated in Figs. 1 and (i. 'It has an instep portion 22 hinged to thebase portion 24 of the lastl at a point near the toe. The last isprovided with side vplates 26 which prevent lateral play of the swingingportion. In the swinging or instep portion 22 of the lastis pivoted alever 28 which. may be turned into the position` shown i-n Fig. 6 toexpandthe last and act as v a prop for sustaining' the instep portion inmechanism, fully disclosed in my patent above referred to, is providedon the lasting jack for nianipnlatingtlie lever to4 effect the expansionof the last at the proper time in the lastingoperation.

In lasting shoes by my methodupon the expansible last, the procedure isthe same as that above described up to and vincluding the attachment ofthe welt to the upper, the

last being, during these steps, in collapsed condition. Inlasting theupper over 'the collapsed last by means of the wipers, the

action of which may be supplemented if .de-`

sired by the use of hand pincers forl draw-i ing portions oj the upperunder the wipers 'to tensionthe same and to remove the slack As themovable p'prtionl Suitable step is 'longer than that extending'over theball and 'over the toe, and hence requires a 'greatermovement of thepivoted portion of the last ,to remove the stretch therefrom to thesame'l extent asfrom the other portions and apply thereto an equal finaltension, the Vamount of stretch to be removed and the 'amount ofmovement of the pivoted portion of the last progressively diminishingtoward the toel By the expansion of the last,

therefore, a lsubstantially uniform final ten` sion is applied to theforepart of ytheupper where close conformity of the upper to the shapeof the last is important in a well-made shoe. The application of thisfinal tension to the upper serves also to draw back the upper slightlyand crowd the welt seam against the wiper edges, and hence to positionit uniformly from the edge of the last.'

Heat having been applied during all or a portion of the aboveoperations, the remaining steps necessary for the completion of the shoemay be immediately taken and coml prise the trimming ofthe inseam ;Y thefilling $64 up vof the space inclosed by the inseam, which, however, maybe providedl for by a pad attached to theinnersole; the lasting of theheel seat; andpthe attachment of the outsole and heel. The method oflocating the outsole, however, comprises a feature of my invention andmay be accomplished by means similar to that described" in locating theinnersole. The outsole is provided with a hole through its heel seatadapted to be located over 'the locating pin extending above the heelseat of the last. This serves to locate the sole longitudinally of thelast and to locate the heel portion thereof laterally of the last. Theoperator may readily position the forepart of the sole by placing hislingers undei` the edge of the sole upon v each side and against theside of the last.` Cement is usually applied to the welt to hold theoutsolegin position during theattachment thereof to the welt, whichis'done` in the usual manner upon the outsole stitching machine. Theheel may now be attached in the usual manner or, in the case of woodenheels, a screw 30 may be passed through the holes formed in theinnersole and outsole andl into the wooden heel, as is clearly shown inFig. 7. In attaching heels in this manner it is preferable to employ ametallic plat/e 'clenched through the innersole.

I said attaching line and last edge in having a collar 42 set into thematerial of the heel seat of the last.

Having describedmy invention, what l claim as new and desire to 'secureby Letters Patent of the United States is 1. That improvement inmethods' of making shoes which consists in lastingi the upper over anddown upon the innersole, se-

, curing a welt by stitches to the upper only whilethe upper remains inlasted position upon the innersole, and' then completing the shoe.

2. That improvement in methods of making shoes which consists in wipingan upper over the bottom of a last into. lasted position, applyingpreliminary tension to the upper, securing the welt to the upper, Whilethe upper is in lasted position, at a uniform distance inwardly from theedge of the last bottom, and then applying final ten' sionV to the upperand completing the shoe.

3. vThat improvement in methods 'of makf ing shoes which consists intensioning an upper about a last, laying it in lasted position `uponvthe innersole, securing a welt to the `upper along a line located atasubstantially V'uniform distance inwardly from the last edge while theupper is still held in lasted positionapplying final tension to theupper while the portion to which the welt is attached isheld frommovement, and -then completing -theshoe in the usual manner.

4, That improvement in methods of I'naki .ing shoes which consists inshaping an upper to a last, temporarily securing the same by clampingpressure applied to .a portion of the margin of the upper and againstthe peripheral margin of the sole bottom leav- 'ing the extreme edge ofthe upper free or lnriclamp'ed7 sewing a welt to the unclamped portionof the margin of the upper only while ythe clamped portion'remainsclamped, trimming the inseam, applying a filling inside the inseam, andthen sewing an outsole to the outer margin of the welt.. n

That improvement in methods of making shoes which consists in stretchingan up- .y I

lper over a last, clamping the margin thereof against the last bottom,placing all parts.

of upper under substantially uniform preliminary tension, attaching thewelt to the upper along a line parallel with the last edge while theclamped portion of the upper remains invclamped position, subjecting theupper to final tension while maintaining parallelism, and thencompleting the shoe.

6. Thatimprovement in. methods of malo' ing shoes which consists `yinshaping an upper about a last having an` instep dimension leesthan thatof they nished shoe, securing the upper friction'ally against the peripheral portion of the last bottom in lasted position and under preliminarytension, s e-' curing a' welt to .the marginvof the upper while the saidmargin is held in lasted position against the inner sole, subjecting theupper to inal tension by increasing the instep dimension of the last,and then complet- 5 ing the shoe. j

7. Thatimprovement in' methods-of making shoes which consists inapplying an upf per to a last, clamping the upper` against theperipheral portion of the innersole,ap

' 10 plying preliminary tensionto the upper and' tting it to the last bydrawing it under the clamping means, securingia welt to the mar-. lginalportion'of the Aupper while' the upper is still clamped,' using theinner vedgeof i5 the' clamping means as a guide, applying final tensionto the upper by expanding the 1 last, andvthen attaching the outsole tothe 'Twelt. A v 8. That improvement in methods of mak- '20 ingshoeswhich consists in 'drawing agruprper about a last, lasting down -themargin of jthe upper upon the marginal portion of the last bottom,removing fullness from the up- 'I Qn per by further stretching portionsthereof,

attaching a welt to the upper Yabout the inner edge of the margin laiddown upon the last, further tensionin the upper as a whole to draw backthe we t seam from the last edge while'restraining movement. of the WeltSQseam by pressure.l applied in the' welt crease,

and finishing the shoe, substantially as described;v

9. That improvement infmethodsof maky ing shoes which consists in`placingan innersole'upon :L1-last, securingit against' longitudinal movementand 'lateral mov fent at the heel, assembling an upper on t st, wipingover all parts of the margin .portion of therupper to which the welt isto be yattached 40 beginning with the toe and extending along `theopposite sides progressively andl simultaneously, holding the portion ofthe upper "l to be covered bythe welt against the innery. sole o n thelast, sewing va welt to the upperA 1 4'5'along the inner margin of thesaid portion of the upper while it is still held against the innersole,lasting the heel seat, trimming the inseam, filling the space inside theinseam,

'applying the outsole, and securing it to the welt.

v 10. Thatv improvement in methodsof mak- A- ing shoes which consists inplacing an upper upon a last, draftingthe upper first longitudinally,clamping the upper against the innersole at the end of the toe to holdthe tension applied, backdrafting the upper at both sides Lof the toe bywiping movements l f that are oblique to the sole edge, and then.`

' completing the shoe.` I 6.0 11. That improvement in methods'o'flmaking` shoeswhich consists in placing an upper upon a last, draftingthe upper first longitudinally, clamping the upper against the'innersoleat the toe to hold the'tension applied, backdrafting the upperlgjat bothsides of thev toe by wiping movements oblique to the sole edge, applyingheat to the toel portion of the upper simultaneously `with the lastingoperation, and then cpmpleting the shoe.4

12. That improvement in methods of making shoes which consists'inplacing an u pper upon a last,` drafting the upper longitudinally,clamping the .upper against thel innersole at the end of the toe,backdrait- 75 ing the upper at both sides of `the shoe by inward wipingmovements having a compo'nent of movement 'toward the heel, and

th'en attaching a welt to; the margin of the upper While the upper ismaintained frictinally'in place; f

' 13. "lhat improvement inmethods of malr- .v ing shoes which consistsin placing an upper upon a last, drafting the upper firstlongitudinally, clamping. theupper at the" end of the toeto maintain thelongitudinal tension, continuing lthe* lasting 'operation progressivelyand simultaneously upon both sides of the shoe toward theheel by wipingin 'successive points by movement of the 90 wiping means obliquely tothelast ed e at the'toe portion and more nearly perpen icularly at the ballportions land by pressure applied perpendicularlyto the last bottom,heating` the toe portion oftheshoe during the lasting operation, andthen completing theshoe.,4 v 'f y' 14. That improvementin methods ofmaking'shoes which consists inI assembling an unwelted upper andaninnersole upon e100 la st,drai`ting` the upper over the toe, seizuringit by clamping pressureyapplied to the toe end of the bottom of theinnersole, wiping in the sides of the upper upon the bot#A tom of theinnersole from the toe rear-1.105 wardly by a backwardly, inwardly and'.downwardly applied pressure, securing thewiped-in portion by clampingpressure, then lasting the upper in detail'by tensioning pulls appliedlocally at the inner margin 110.

of the upper, securing a welt'to the upper 4while it is still clamped aainst the bottom of the inners'ole, and comp eting the shoe.

" 15. That improvement in methods of making shoes which consists .inassembling an upper and insole upon a last, drawing the' -upper overlthe toe and and securing it' by Adownwardly applied clamping clampingpressure, daiwing the upper in .In testimony whereof I have signed myover the sides in a direction oblique to the name to this specificationin the presence of 1u tncliing a, welt to the innerunnrgin of the lustedge und temporarily securing 'the uptwo subscribing Witnesses. per bynon-upper-penetrating means, at- JOHN A ELDRIDGE upper only, applying asubstantially uni- Witnesses:

form final tension to the upper,A and then CHARLES Ai L'fnrnlla'wnmg,Acompleting the shoe. l FonnEsT L. MARSH.

